A career in cyber security comes with strong job security, competitive salaries, and no shortage of opportunities. As cyber threats continue to evolve, companies are investing more in security professionals to protect their data, systems, and networks. This demand has made cyber security one of the most sought-after fields in tech.
But what does a career in cyber security actually look like?
The field includes a range of roles, from security analysts and penetration testers to consultants and cloud security engineers. Some professionals enter through traditional degree programs, while others transition from IT or related fields with the help of certifications and hands-on experience.
Today, in this article, we are going to breaks down what you need to know about the industry, from the skills required to the job opportunities available. Whether you’re exploring career options or considering a switch, understanding the landscape of cyber security can help you decide if it’s the right path for you.
Is cyber security a good career?
Yes, cyber security is a strong career choice with high salaries, job stability, and growing demand. Despite slight fluctuations in projections, the industry continues to expand, driven by increasing cyber threats and the need for skilled professionals.
Salaries in cyber security have steadily risen, with the average U.S. salary increasing by 4.07%, from $119,860 in 2022 to $124,740 in 2023 according to Comparitech. The workforce has also grown, with the number of professionals rising by 7.12% to 175,350 in the same period. Employment per 1,000 jobs saw a 5.62% increase, reflecting the industry’s expanding presence.
While the 10-year growth projection dipped slightly from 32.11% to 31.58%, cyber security remains a high-demand field. High-profile breaches, such as Russian hackers stealing Microsoft’s source code, emphasise the need for experts who can protect critical systems.
Some states have seen slower growth, but overall, cyber security offers a stable and rewarding career path with long-term potential.
How Do I Start a Career in Cyber Security?
You can start a career in cyber security by building a strong foundation, gaining hands-on experience, and earning certifications that prove your skills.
The field is constantly evolving, so employers look for professionals who understand core security concepts and can apply them in real-world scenarios. With the right approach, you can develop the necessary expertise and stand out in the job market.
Here’s some general guidance on how to get started:
Step 1: Learn the Basics of Networking, Operating Systems, and Security Fundamentals
Cyber security is built on a foundation of networking, operating systems, and security principles. Understanding how data moves through a network, how systems communicate, and where vulnerabilities exist is essential. Many security threats exploit weaknesses in these areas, so having a firm grasp of the basics will prepare you for more advanced topics.
Start with networking fundamentals such as TCP/IP, firewalls, VPNs, and common network protocols. These are crucial for identifying and preventing security threats. Free or paid resources like CompTIA Network+, Cisco’s Networking Academy, or online platforms like Cybrary and Udemy can provide structured learning.
Next, become comfortable with operating systems—particularly Windows and Linux. Security professionals frequently work with both, managing access controls, monitoring logs, and identifying vulnerabilities. Setting up a virtual lab to practice basic system administration tasks, such as managing users, configuring firewalls, and analysing system logs, will help solidify your skills.
Finally, dive into security fundamentals. Topics such as encryption, authentication methods, access control, malware types, and security frameworks (like NIST or ISO 27001) will give you an understanding of how security is applied in real-world scenarios. Websites like Cybrary, Open Security Training, and MIT’s OpenCourseWare offer great starting points.
Step 2: Get Hands-On Experience Through Labs and Capture The Flag (CTF) Challenges
Theory alone isn’t enough in cyber security—practical experience is what sets you apart.
Setting up a home lab is one of the best ways to gain hands-on experience. This allows you to simulate security scenarios, test vulnerabilities, and practice securing systems in a controlled environment. You can use tools like VirtualBox, VMware, and Kali Linux to experiment with penetration testing, system hardening, and incident response techniques.
In addition to a home lab, Capture The Flag (CTF) competitions provide interactive learning experiences. These challenges involve solving security puzzles, finding hidden vulnerabilities, and applying security techniques in real-world scenarios. Websites like TryHackMe, Hack The Box, and OverTheWire offer beginner-friendly and advanced challenges that can help build problem-solving skills.
For those interested in penetration testing or ethical hacking, using tools like Metasploit, Wireshark, and Nmap will provide hands-on experience with vulnerability scanning and network security. Actively practicing in these environments will help you develop a strong technical skill set that employers look for.
Step 3: Earn Certifications to Validate Your Skills
Certifications are an important stepping stone in cyber security, helping you stand out to employers and proving your technical knowledge. The best certification to start with depends on your background and goals.
For beginners, CompTIA Security+ is widely recognised and covers core security topics such as threat detection, risk management, and network security. It is a good entry point for those looking for general security roles.
If you’re interested in ethical hacking, the Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification provides an introduction to penetration testing techniques and security assessment tools. This certification is beneficial for roles that involve testing an organisation’s defenses.
For professionals aiming for management or senior-level positions, the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) certification focuses on designing and implementing security programs. It is often required for higher-level security roles such as security consultant or security architect.
Other certifications, such as GIAC’s security certifications or cloud security credentials from AWS and Microsoft, can be valuable depending on your area of specialisation. Choosing the right certification path depends on whether you want to focus on network security, cloud security, ethical hacking, or another niche within cyber security.
Step 4: Apply for Entry-Level Jobs in Cyber Security
Once you have built a foundation and earned relevant certifications, the next step is landing your first job. Cyber security has several entry-level positions that serve as great starting points, including:
- Security Operations Center (SOC) Analyst – Monitors security alerts, detects threats, and responds to incidents.
- Security Analyst – Assesses security risks, implements protections, and helps develop security policies.
- Penetration Tester (Ethical Hacker) – Simulates cyber attacks to find vulnerabilities in systems before real attackers can exploit them.
Even without professional experience, you can strengthen your resume by highlighting hands-on projects, CTF challenges, personal labs, and any freelance or volunteer security work you’ve done. Many cyber security professionals also start by working in IT roles, such as IT support or network administration, before transitioning into security-focused positions.
Internships and networking play a crucial role in getting your first opportunity. Attending cyber security conferences, joining LinkedIn groups, and participating in online security communities can help you connect with industry professionals and potential employers.
Step 5: Build Advanced Skills and Specialize in a Cyber Security Field
Cyber security is a broad and ever-evolving field. As you gain experience, choosing a specialisation can help advance your career. Some of the most in-demand areas include:
- Cloud Security – Securing cloud-based environments like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud.
- Incident Response & Threat Intelligence – Detecting and responding to security breaches.
- AI and Cyber Security – Using machine learning to enhance security measures.
- Digital Forensics – Investigating cyber crimes and analysing digital evidence.
- Security Architecture – Designing secure systems and infrastructure.
Developing expertise in one of these areas can lead to higher salaries and more specialised job roles. Continuing education through advanced certifications, hands-on projects, and staying updated on new threats will keep your skills relevant in the field.
What Are the Top Cyber Security Job Roles?
The top cyber security job roles you can pursue are Security Analyst, Penetration Tester (Ethical Hacker), SOC Analyst, Cyber Security Consultant, and Cloud Security Engineer. Each role focuses on protecting digital systems, data, and networks from cyber threats.
Security Analyst
As a security analyst, you will monitor networks, investigate security incidents, and implement measures to protect against cyber threats.
Your job will involve analysing vulnerabilities, responding to breaches, and ensuring security policies are followed. Many professionals start in this role before moving into more specialised areas.
Penetration Tester (Ethical Hacker)
If you enjoy ethical hacking, becoming a penetration tester allows you to simulate cyber attacks to identify weaknesses before real attackers exploit them.
You will use tools like Metasploit and Burp Suite to test networks, applications, and systems for vulnerabilities. This role requires strong technical skills in exploitation techniques and security assessment.
SOC Analyst
As a SOC analyst, you will work in a security operations centre, continuously monitoring an organisation’s systems for suspicious activity.
Your responsibilities include analysing security logs, detecting threats, and responding to incidents in real-time. You will use SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) tools to track and mitigate security threats as they happen.
Cyber Security Consultant
If you prefer a strategic role, working as a cyber security consultant will allow you to assess an organisation’s security, identify risks, and recommend solutions.
You will advise businesses on security strategies, regulatory compliance, and risk management. This role requires both technical expertise and the ability to communicate security concepts to non-technical teams.
Cloud Security Engineer
As a cloud security engineer, you will focus on securing cloud environments such as AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud.
Your job will involve designing security policies, configuring cloud security controls, and protecting cloud-based applications from cyber threats. With more companies migrating to the cloud, this role is in high demand.
What Skills Are Needed for Cyber Security?
Cyber security demands technical expertise to stop threats and soft skills to adapt and communicate effectively in high-pressure situations. You must think fast, solve problems, and stay ahead of attackers.
Here are several skills you need to
Technical Skills:
- Networking & System Administration: You must know how networks operate, secure systems against attacks, and configure firewalls to block threats. Weak networks lead to breaches.
- Encryption & Cryptography: Protecting sensitive data requires expertise in encryption, hashing, and secure protocols. If encryption fails, data is exposed.
- Incident Response & Risk Assessment: You need to detect, contain, and eliminate security threats before they spread. Risk assessment helps prevent attacks before they happen.
- Scripting & Programming (Python, Bash): Automating security tasks, analysing malware, and writing penetration testing tools require coding. Without scripting, efficiency suffers.
Soft Skills:
- Problem-Solving & Critical Thinking: Attackers are always evolving. You must outthink them, find weaknesses, and respond fast.
- Communication & Report Writing: Security teams, executives, and clients rely on your insights. If you can’t explain threats clearly, security suffers.
- Adaptability & Continuous Learning: Cyber threats change daily. Staying ahead requires constant learning, research, and hands-on practice.
What Are the Best Cyber Security Certifications?
The best cyber security certifications depend on your experience level and career goals. Entry-level certifications focus on security fundamentals, while advanced ones specialise in penetration testing, management, or cloud security.
Here are some of the cyber security certifications that you need to know:
Entry-Level Certifications:
If you’re new to cyber security, CompTIA Security+ is a great starting point. It covers network security, risk management, and basic threat detection—everything you need for an entry-level role. CompTIA CySA+ goes a step further, focusing on threat analysis and incident response, making it a solid choice if you’re interested in working in a Security Operations Center (SOC).
Another beginner-friendly option is GIAC Security Essentials (GSEC). It dives deeper into cryptography, access controls, and network defence, making it a good fit if you want a broader foundation.
Intermediate Certifications:
If penetration testing interests you, Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) teaches ethical hacking techniques and tools used to find vulnerabilities. GIAC Penetration Tester (GPEN) takes a more technical approach, focusing on real-world exploitation techniques.
For those looking to work in SOC environments, Cisco Certified CyberOps Associate provides hands-on training in security monitoring, log analysis, and network defence.
Advanced Certifications:
For leadership roles, Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) is one of the most respected certifications in the industry.
It covers everything from security architecture to risk management. If you’re focused on managing security programs rather than technical work, Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) is another strong option.
On the technical side, Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP) is the gold standard for ethical hackers and penetration testers. It’s hands-on, challenging, and requires proving your skills in a real-world hacking exam.
Cloud Security Certifications:
With more companies moving to the cloud, security in cloud environments is in high demand.
Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) covers best practices for securing cloud-based systems, while AWS Certified Security – Specialty focuses specifically on securing AWS environments. If you’re working with Microsoft cloud platforms, Microsoft Certified: Security, Compliance, and Identity Fundamentals is worth considering.
Build a Cyber Security Career with a Certified IT Online Course
Cyber security is one of the fastest-growing fields, but landing a job takes more than just theoretical knowledge. Employers want professionals with hands-on skills, real-world problem-solving abilities, and industry-recognized certifications. Whether you’re starting fresh or leveling up your career, structured training gives you the competitive edge you need.
Where should you start?
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Cyber threats evolve every day, and companies are looking for professionals who can keep up. Build the technical skills and confidence to protect systems, analyse threats, and advance your career in cyber security.
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